Artboards in Illustrator

According to Adobe's "Illustrator CS4 Classroom in A Book," "artboards represent the regions that can contain printable artwork. Artboards can be used to crop certain areas for either printing or placement purposes. Multiple artboards come in handy when creating a variety of things, such as printed pages with different sizes, etc."

Artboards include: 1. Printable Area; 2. Nonprintable Area; 3. Edge of the Page; 4. Artboard; 5. Bleed Area; and 6. Canvas.

1. Printable Area- The printable area is bounded by the innermost dotted lines and represents the part of the page on which the selected printer can print. Many printers cannot print to the edge of the paper.
2. Nonprintable Area- This area is between the two sets of dotted lines and represents any nonprintable margin of the page. The printable and nonprintable areas is determined by the printer and selected in the Print Options dialog box.
3. Edge of the Page- This is indicated by the outermost set of dotted lines.
4. Artboard- This is bounded by solid lines and represents the entire region that can contain printable artwork. By default, the artboard is the same size as the page, but it can be enlarged or reduced. The U.S. default artboard is 8.5" x 11", but it can be set as large as 227" x 227".
5. Bleed Area- Bleed is the amount of artwork that falls outside of the printing bounding box or outside the crop area and trim marks.
6. and Canvas- This is the area outside the artboard that extends to the edge of the 227" square window. Objects placed on the canvas are visible on the screen, but they do not print.

Dreamweaver and External Style Sheets

There are several different types of web design software available on the market today. One of these types is Adobe Dreamweaver. With Dreamweaver, designers can create multi-functional web sites using html, cold fusion, xhtml, css, etc.
When designing a website in Dreamweaver, it is always a good idea to design your html in one document and attach an external style sheet to each page to style the content.
Using an external style sheet is beneficial to designers and others viewing the code because it not only keeps css separate from the html code providing easy readability and makes the code neat, so it can be edited easily, but also when you need to make a change in the code after it has already been attached to the html page, you can just add the code into the css and save it and it automatically updates all of the html pages that the external style sheet is attached to, which saves designers a lot of time and frustration. Had a designer needed to make changes to the CSS without the use of an external style sheet, they would have had to edit each page separately eating up a lot of time that could have been saved to work on other projects.
There are other benefits of using external style sheets as well, but these are just a couple of the main benefits.

Copyright Law

When touching on the issue of copyright, there are a few things one must keep in mind:

• First off, according to copyright.gov, copyright protects original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, architecture, and computer software.
• However, copyright does not protect, facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation; although it might protect the way these things are expressed.
• Also, according to copyright.gov, copyright can be defined as a form of protection grounded in the U.S. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression, and covers both published and unpublished works.
• Work becomes protected under copyright the moment it becomes created and fixed in a tangible form, that is perceptible either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.
• The Web site goes on to say that copyright protects original works of authorship, while a patent protects invention or discoveries. A trademark protects words, phrases, symbols, or designs by identifying the source of the goods or services of one party and distinguishing them from those of others.
• Registration is voluntary. You are required to register, however, if you wish to bring a lawsuit for infringement of a U.S. work.
• There are a number of reasons why registration is recommended. Many people register their works because they want to have the facts of their copyright on the public record and have a certificate of their registration. Works that are registered, may be eligible for statutory damages and attorney's fees in successful litigation. If registration occurs within 5 years, it is considered prima facie evidence in a court of law.
• "Poor man's copyright." This is the practice of sending a copy of your own work to yourself. However, there is no provision in the copyright law regarding this type of protection, and it is not a substitute for registration.
• Copyright privileges in other countries. The U.S. has copyright relations with most of the other countries in the world and as a result of the agreements, they honor each other's citizens copyrights. However, the U.S. does not have copyright agreements with every country, so you need to check beforehand if the country has an agreement with the U.S.

These are just a few tips that copyright.gov highlights about copyright to help get you started with the process of copyrighting your work. However, copyright law is extremely complex so you will want to look further into it than this if trying to gain a copyright for your artwork.

Content Management Systems

According to www.wisegeek.com, "content management systems are electronic systems that take data and organize it, such that it can be retrieved, searched, and updated easily, and shared throughout an organization."
There are 6 main types of content management systems including: Enterprise CMS (ECMS); Web CMS (WCMS); Document management systems (DMS); Mobile content management systems; Component content management system; and Learning content management system (LCMS).

• Enterprise CMS (ECMS)- is a software that manages written documents. Generally, this type of software can be found in big corporations. Two classes of Enterprise CMS exist: web content management; and business process content management. Both of these provide features and functionality that is designed to improve the management of documents.
• Web CMS (WCMS)- is a system that is built to help people update their web sites via a web interface.
• Document Management System (DMS)- is a computer system used to track and store electronic documents and images of paper documents.
• Mobile Content Management Systems- is a type of CMS capable of storing and delivering content and services to mobile devices.
• Component Content Management System- is a type of CMS that manages content at a granular level rather than at the document level.
• Learning Content Management System (LCMS)- is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of training programs.

Accessibility

With web accessibility, people with disabilities can use the web. People with disabilities can perceive, interact, understand and navigate the web. This also allows them to be able to contribute to the web as well.
Accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affects web usage. These disabilities are: visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive and neurological.
Many people in the world today have disabilities that cause them to have difficulty using the web. Most web sites right now have an accessibility barrier making it difficult and sometimes impossible for people with disabilities to use the web.
However, web accessibility can also benefit people without disabilities (i.e. people with broken arms and people with changing abilities due to aging).
Overall, accessibility is important because it is an important resource in many aspects of our lives today in areas such as: education, employment, government, commerce, health care, recreation and more.
Without accessibility, people with disabilities would not have the same opportunities in their lives as everyone else; and that I would think could be borderline discrimination because they should have the same opportunities as everyone else when it comes to education, employment, health care, etc.

Professionalism

When working in an environment that demands a certain level of professionalism in order to operate one must take into account these tips:

1. Proper Dress Attire- (i.e. business suits, dresses, ties, skirts that are knee length, etc.)
2. Behavior- (i.e. attitude and how a person conducts his or herself in the workplace. For example one that works in a doctor's office would not make a scene by arguing with patients or other co-workers).
3. Hygiene/Appearance- Nails should be clean and cut, make-up should be conservative, and one should be showered and have clean brushed teeth. For men, most oftentimes hair should be short. Body piercings, besides ears should be removed and tattoos should be either covered or removed.
4. and Ethics- All businesses have a code of ethics and one should know this policy and follow it. People should know right from wrong when working in a professional environment.

There are of course other ways to conduct professionalism in the business world as well; these are just a few of the more important aspects.

Search Engine Optimization

There are many ways web designers can optimize their web sites. Below I've listed just a few ways to help designers get started.

1. Fine tuning the TITLE page to include some of the sites keywords
2. Filling out all META META tags (i.e. keywords, description, and title) appropriately; meaning that the words used are relevant (oftentimes these words are part of the keywords)
   
3. Create gateway pages that are specific to the focus of each site
4. Ensure that site technology won't confuse the search engines
5. Perform maintenance checks
6. Include keywords in H1's. H2's and H3's and in the body of the web site
7. Adding tags to images also helps optimize web sites
8. Link to other sites that aren't competition
9. and Link back to yourself